Objective To analyze the expression level of transferrin gene in the susceptible population and resistant population of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Methods RNA was extracted and was amplified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to produce partial gene fragments of the target gene using the designed primers. After purification and sequencing, the sequence alignment was performed. The t test was used to statistically analyze the expression levels of transferrin gene in the susceptible population and resistant population of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus. Results The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the mean fluorescence quantification values of transferring gene in susceptible population and resistant population of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were 15.21 and 18.41, respectively; the mean fluorescence quantification values of the internal reference gene in the two populations were 20.53 and 19.10, respectively. The expression level of transferrin gene in the resistant population of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus was reduced, and there was a significant difference in the expression level of transferrin gene between the two populations ( t=10.390, P<0.001). Conclusion The transferrin gene of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus can be used as a target gene for the detection and treatment of mosquito resistance.

Objective To analyze the ferritin gene expression levels in different strains of Culex pipiens pallens. Methods The primers were designed and synthesized, target gene was amplified by fluorescent quantitative PCR to detect the expression level between resistant strain and susceptible strains of Cx. pipiens pallens. A t test method was used to detect the statistical significance for the two samples. Results The ferritin gene of Cx. pipiens pallens was cloned successfully. The quantitative average of ferritin fluorescence was 11.41 in susceptible strain and 15.73 in resistant strain; the quantitative average of reference gene fluorescence was 10.03 in susceptible strain, and 18.27 in resistant strain. Fluorescent quantitative PCR proved the ferritin gene expression level of resistant strain was 15.08 times that of susceptible strain, t test showed that two samples of ferritin gene expression differences were statistically significant( t=26.100, P < 0.001). Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens ferritin gene can be used as a new gene target for resistant detection and management.

Intensive use of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has led to the development of resistance in mosquitoes. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)insensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has been identified as a major resistance mechanism in mosquitoes. This paper reviewed the progress of AChE gene mutations associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. The AChE structure characteristics, the functional sites of AChE genes and the effect of mutation on insecticide resistance were detailed. Finally, the prospects in the studies of mosquito AChE were analyzed.

Objective To evaluate the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to commonly used chemical insecticides in Shandong province, providing the basis for proper and efficient administration of insecticidal chemicals. Methods The WHO bioassay was used to test the resistance of susceptible strains and field populations of Cx. pipiens pallens to 5 kinds of insecticide. Results Of 6 field populations of Cx. pipiens pallens, the resistance indices for DDT, DDVP, malathion, propoxur and deltamethrin were 1.59-28.48, 2.22-15.72, 2.36-5.50, 3.40-6.33 and 8.50-36.00. Conclusion Cx. pipiens pallens in Shandong province has generated different degrees of resistance to the 5 commonly used chemical pesticides. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to prevent or delay the emergence and development of insecticidal resistance in mosquitoes.

Objective To explore the effect of frozen storage on non-specific esterase(NSE)activity of Culex pipiens pallens and provide a basis for the generalization and application of insecticide-resistance detection of mosquito by biochemical method.Methods The NSE activity of single mosquito was determined based onβ-naphthalene acetic acid ester(β-naphthyl acetate,β-NA)as substrate and solid blue B salt(fast blue B salt)as developer.Results The NSE activity of DDVP-resistant strain was obviously higher than that of susceptible strain.For the A value of NSE activity from Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 0,7,14,21 and 28 days at-20℃,the F value of 4 instar larvae of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7642 by the complete randomized design variance comparison and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7452.The F value of 4 instar larvae of DDVP resistant strain mosquito was 0.1092,and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of DDVP-resistant strain mosquito wa...更多s 0.1521.All of the P value were greater than 0.05 and no significant difference was found.Conclusion There was no difference between on the NSE activity of 4 instar larvae and 3-day-old adult female of Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 28 days,and mosquitoes collected from the field could be taken to the lab for batch determination.

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of frozen storage on non-specific esterase (NSE) activity of Culex pipiens pallens and provide a basis for the generalization and application of insecticide-resistance detection of mosquito by biochemical method. Methods The NSE activity of single mosquito was determined based on β-naphthalene acetic acid ester (β-naphthyl acetate, β-NA) as substrate and solid blue B salt (fast blue B salt) as developer. Results The NSE activity of DDVP-resistant strain was obviously higher than that of susceptible strain. For the A value of NSE activity from Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at -20 ℃, the F value of 4 instar larvae of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7642 by the complete randomized design variance comparison and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of susceptible strain mosquito was 0.7452. The F value of 4 instar larvae of DDVP resistant strain mosquito was 0.1092, and the F value of 3-day-old adult female of DDVP-resistant strain mosquito was 0.1521. All of the P value were greater than 0.05 and no significant difference was found. Conclusion There was no difference between on the NSE activity of 4 instar larvae and 3-day-old adult female of Cx.pipiens pallens after frozen for 28 days, and mosquitoes collected from the field could be taken to the lab for batch determination.